Radiographic study on the anatomical characteristics of the. At the proximal end, the pyramidshaped neck attaches the spherical. Bd chaurasia anatomy pdf book downloads with direct links and overview. Many agree that it is also the strongest the jaw bone being the other contender. The femur os femoris extends from the hip to the knee and is the longest and strongest bone in the body. Pelvis hip bone and femur human anatomy kenhub youtube. The angle between the neck and shaft, also known as the.
Anatomy distal femur femur transitions from cylinder to condyles medial condyle extends further inferior cancellous bone trapezoidal shape what this means for fixation avoid notch and concomitant injury to cruciate ligaments avoid penetration of medial cortex with anterior screws x x deforming forces quadriceps. Linear and angular measurements were made on thirtytwo cadaveric femora with respect to the mechanical functional axes of the bone. Short video describing the skeletal structures of the femur structural markings identified. The femur bone is the strongest and longest bone in the body, occupying the space of the lower limb, between the hip and knee joints. Clement4 1neurobiology and anatomy, drexel university college of medicine, philadelphia, pennsylvania 2department of anthropology, center for the advanced study of hominid. The ball of the hip joint is comprised of the head of the femur or thigh bone as it is more commonly known, whilst the concavity of the socket is created by the acetabulum, which is a cuplike depression within the pelvic bone. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur its attachments, bony landmarks and clinical correlations.
Proximal third closer to the head or cranial end of the body 4. The main function of the hip joint is to support the body weight in both standing and running or walking. Together, they form the acetabulum, which is the area where the head of the femur articulates with. The average adult human femur is 48 cm 19 inches in length and 2. Its easy to look at these and think of bones as dry, dead sticks in your body, but this couldnt be further from the truth. Lower extremity anatomy for blocks regionalaps rotations slides by randall j. Long bones typically longer than they are wide such as humerus, radius, tibia, femur, they comprise a diaphysis shaft and epiphyses at the distal and proximal ends, joining at the metaphysis. In growing bone, this is the site where growth occurs and. The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. Femur shaft fractures broken thighbone orthoinfo aaos. Bd chaurasia human anatomy pdf free download all volumes. There are also 2 prominent bony protrusions, the greater trochanter and lesser trochanter, that attach to muscles that move the hip and knee.
Smoothed mean total proximal femur bone mineral density of persons aged 8. Most land mammals capable of jumping also have femur bones, also lizards, frogs, and other tetrapod vertebrates. The femur thigh is the largest and strongest of these bones. Because the femur is so strong, it usually takes a lot of force to break it. It articulates superiorly with the hip bone at the hip joint, and inferiorly with the tibia at the knee joint. The femur is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human body. Distal femur end on view medial condyle lateral condyle anterior posterior the lateral condyle projects further anteriorly than the medial condyle. The head is supported by the neck, which projects obliquely from the proximal end of the femur. The bones of the lower limb include the pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, and bones of the foot.
The head of the femur is a hemispherical surface that fits into the acetabulum of the innominate. Femur anatomy is so unique that it makes the bone suitable for supporting the numerous muscular and ligamentous attachments within this region, in addition to maximally extending the limb during ambulation. The femur, or thigh bone, is the proximal bone of the hindlimb in tetrapod vertebrates for. Breaking your femur can make daily tasks more difficult because its one. In this surgery, your surgeon will make a cut to the skin to align your broken bone.
Like the upper limb, the lower limb is divided into three regions. The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the entire human body. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Proximal third closer to the head or cranial end of the body middle third 5. A break in this bone can only result from a large amount of force, such as a car accident or a fall from. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap forming. The main function of the femur is to transmit forces from the tibia to the hip joint. Motor vehicle collisions, for example, are the number one cause of femur fractures. Ontogenetic patterning of cortical bone microstructure and geometry at the human midshaft femur h. Le motor exam sciatic lat fem cut sensory only femoral obturator. The femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip bone. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts. As already noted, the hip bone contains the ilium, ischium, and pubis see chapter 4. Long bones are characterized by an elongated shaft and somewhat enlarged extremities that bear articular surfaces.
In the erect posture it is not vertical, being separated above from its fellow by a considerable interval, which corresponds to the breadth of the pelvis, but inclining gradually downward and medialward, so as to approach its fellow toward its lower part. In humans the neck of the femur connects the shaft and head at a 125 degree angle, which is efficient for walking. Its length varies from onefourth to onethird of that of the body. In mbbs first year, anatomy comes as one of the subjects. The leg is specifically the region between the knee joint and the ankle joint. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Choose from 500 different sets of anatomy femur bone flashcards on quizlet. Remember that the hip bone is formed by the fusion of 3 bones. Ten of the twelve pair of ribs attach to cartilages, the costal cartilages, which attach to the sternum.
Extreme forces also act upon the femur thanks to the strength of the muscles of the hip and thigh that act on the femur to move the leg. The femur consists of a shaft body and superior or proximal and inferior or distal end 3. The head forms a ballandsocket joint with the hip at the acetabulum, being held in place by a ligament within the socket and by strong surrounding ligaments. In humans the neck of the femur connects the shaft and head at a. The femur is the longest and largest bone, and one of the strongest bones in the body, along with the temporal bone of the skull. Superior proximal end its proximal end is characterized by head neck, two large projections the greater and lesser trochanters on the upper. It is both the longest and the strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, femur statpearls. The long, straight part of the femur is called the femoral shaft. Distal femur lecture orthopaedic trauma association. Find femur bone stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Important features of this bone include the head, medial and lateral condyles, patellar surface, medial and lateral epicondyles, and greater and lesser trochanters. Ziser, lecture notes, 2005 8 lower leg consists of two bones. You may have had surgery called an open reduction internal fixation.
The human femur can resist forces of 1,800 to 2,500 pounds, so it is not easily fractured. There are many books for anatomy one can read, but bd chaurasia is still considered the best book of anatomy. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, femur statpearls ncbi. These are the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. The femur, your thigh bone, is the largest and strongest bone in your body.
All of the bodys weight is supported by the femurs during many activities, such as running, jumping, walking, and standing. Pelvic girdle the pelvic girdle contains the hip bone and the sacrum. Bone basics and bone anatomy have you ever seen fossil remains of dinosaur and ancient human bones in textbooks, television, or in person at a museum. Bones of lower limbs including bones of pelvic girdle hip bones and lower limb. Ontogenetic patterning of cortical bone microstructure and. The thigh is that portion of the lower limb located between the hip joint and knee joint. An estimated 6% of all fractures of the femur account for the distal part of the bone 22, 32.
Forming the midportion of the femur is a long cylindrical shaft, which arches or curves anteriorly. The femur is classed as a long bone, only bone in the thigh, and the longest bone in the body. Your thighbone femur is the longest and strongest bone in your body. The occurrence of the third trochanter and its correlation to certain anthropometric parameters of the human femur pdf. Including bones of pelvic girdle hip bones and lower limb. Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area, united states, 20052008. Examples of long bones include the humerus, radius, femur, tibia, metacarpals, and metatarsals. The femur is the only bone located within the human thigh. Head neck greater trochanter lesser trochanter intertrochanteric crest intertrochanteric line gluteal.